DVT
Deep Vein Thrombosis = Formation of a blood clot in a deep vein (Thrombosis = clot inside a blood vessel). Usually occur in popliteal, femoral or iliac veins, upper extremity DVT is less common but can occur and lead to PE.
(Paget-Schroetter Syndrome = Idiopathic DVT in U.ex in young athletes, usually in axillary or sun-clavian veins).
S&S = Pain, swelling, heat, redness, engorgement of superficial veins. Although 50% of those with a DVT may have no symptoms. Signs and symptoms should be considered with risk factors to determine the likelihood of a DVT.
Virchow’s Triad explains factors for development:
- Venous stasis
- Hypercoagulability
- Changes to blood vessel walls (endothelial damage)
(Paget-Schroetter Syndrome = Idiopathic DVT in U.ex in young athletes, usually in axillary or sun-clavian veins).
S&S = Pain, swelling, heat, redness, engorgement of superficial veins. Although 50% of those with a DVT may have no symptoms. Signs and symptoms should be considered with risk factors to determine the likelihood of a DVT.
Virchow’s Triad explains factors for development:
- Venous stasis
- Hypercoagulability
- Changes to blood vessel walls (endothelial damage)
Clinical
Feature
Active cancer (treatment or palliative care within 6months) Paralysis, paresis or immobilisation of the L.ex Bed bound post-surgery >3days (within 4weeks) Localised tenderness along distribution of deep veins Entire leg swollen Unilateral calf swelling >3cm (below Tibial tuberosity) Unilateral pitting oedema Collateral superficial veins Alternative diagnosis as likely as or more likely than DVT TOTAL: |
Points
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 |
≥ 3 = high risk (75%), 1-2 = moderate risk (17%), <1 = low risk (3%)
Other risk factors include; pregnancy, trauma, oestrogenic medication (oral contraceptive pill, HRT, tamoxifen), congestive heart failure, hyperhomocystinemia, diseases altering blood viscosity (e.g. polycythemia, sickle cell disease and multiple myeloma) and inherited thrombophilias.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_embolism
Other risk factors include; pregnancy, trauma, oestrogenic medication (oral contraceptive pill, HRT, tamoxifen), congestive heart failure, hyperhomocystinemia, diseases altering blood viscosity (e.g. polycythemia, sickle cell disease and multiple myeloma) and inherited thrombophilias.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_embolism