How are the muscles of the leg recruited through gait?
In general, there are two groups.
Heel strike and toe off: Tibialis Anterior, Ext Hall Long, Ext Digit Long, Fibularis Tertius
Full load to heel lift and toe off: Everything else! Start with Tib post, flex digit long, flex hall long, gastroc, soleus, fib long and brev. Then the rest mainly for the last segment: abd hall, add hall, flex hall brev, flec digit brev, the interossei and lumbricales
Heel strike and toe off: Tibialis Anterior, Ext Hall Long, Ext Digit Long, Fibularis Tertius
Full load to heel lift and toe off: Everything else! Start with Tib post, flex digit long, flex hall long, gastroc, soleus, fib long and brev. Then the rest mainly for the last segment: abd hall, add hall, flex hall brev, flec digit brev, the interossei and lumbricales
What are the postural effects of overpronation at the subtalar joint?
Talus adducts and platar flexes (A)
Whole LEx (Tibia and femur) internally rotates (B) and drops (C)
This increases strain on iliopsoas and piriformis (D) which can lead to a narrowing of the greater sciatic notch (moving towards sciatic entrapment)
Also from the drop, the ipsilateral innominate is lowered (E) so L5 rotates to that side (F)
Finally, the LSp above will adjust by flexing towards the longer leg (G) leading to close-packed facets on the pronated side
Whole LEx (Tibia and femur) internally rotates (B) and drops (C)
This increases strain on iliopsoas and piriformis (D) which can lead to a narrowing of the greater sciatic notch (moving towards sciatic entrapment)
Also from the drop, the ipsilateral innominate is lowered (E) so L5 rotates to that side (F)
Finally, the LSp above will adjust by flexing towards the longer leg (G) leading to close-packed facets on the pronated side
What are the attachments of Serratus Posterior Inferior and Superior and how do they influence breathing?
Serratus Posterior Superior
i. Medial – Ligamentum Nuchae, SPs C7-T3
ii.Lateral – Superior borders of Ribs 2-4
iii.Action - Elevate ribs and aid (forced) inspiration
Serratus Posterior Inferior
i.Medial – SPs of T11-L2
ii.Lateral – Inferior borders of ribs 8-12
iii.Action – Depress ribs to aid (forced) expiration
Although, Moore and Dalley says that they are probably only proprioceptive.
i. Medial – Ligamentum Nuchae, SPs C7-T3
ii.Lateral – Superior borders of Ribs 2-4
iii.Action - Elevate ribs and aid (forced) inspiration
Serratus Posterior Inferior
i.Medial – SPs of T11-L2
ii.Lateral – Inferior borders of ribs 8-12
iii.Action – Depress ribs to aid (forced) expiration
Although, Moore and Dalley says that they are probably only proprioceptive.